限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
一、限制性定语从句
1、形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。
2、意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。
3、译法上：译成先行词的定语：“．．．的”
4、关系词的使用上：A．作宾语时可省略 B．可用that C．可用who 代替whom
5、限制性定语从句举例：
The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.
老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。
China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
In the street I saw a man who was from Africa. 在街上我看到一个来自非洲的人。
二、非限制性定语从句
1、形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。
2、意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。
3、译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。
4、关系词的使用上：A．不可省略 B．不用that C．不可用who 代替whom
5、非限制性定语从句举例 ：
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。
China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.
中国是1949年成立的， 现在正变得越来越强大。
Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year.
去年夏天，我参观了人民大会堂，在那儿每年都要举行许多重要会议。
注意：as和which 引导的非限定性定语从句的比较：
1）非限定性定语从句位于句未，而且as 和which 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语时可互换。
He is a farmer, as/which is clear from his manner.
This elephant is like a snake, as/which anybody can see.
2）which 引导的非限定性定语从句一般放在句未，而as 引导的非限定性定语从句可放在句未，也可放在句中、句首。放在句首时不能用which 替换,只能用as。
Crusoe lost his dog, which made him very sad
Taiwan is part of China, as/which is known to all.
As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.
3）as引导非限定性定语从句时，意为“这一点、这件事” “正如…”，常与see，hope，expect，know，guess等动词搭配；而which引导非限定性定语从句时与主句有一种因果关系，可译为“所以……”。
The color, as you all know, is dark red.
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.
二、综合练习
（一）先行词是人的定语从句：
1. Is he the man__________ wants to see you?
2. He is the professor ____________ I met yesterday.
3. The famous film star, _______ has played many roles, will act as a blind woman in her next film.
4. The man _____ _____ I would turn when I am in trouble is my Chinese teacher.
5. This is the student _____ ____ I like to play.
6. The girl _____ ____ I didn’t agree is one of the students ________study hard in our class.
7. He is the teacher ______ son is a soldier.
8. He is the teacher ______ ____ son we often like to argue.
9 He is the teacher _____ _____class my son study.
10. There are about 15 teachers in our grade, some_____ ____ are women teachers.
11. She is one of the students _____ ______(know) my secret.
12. She is the only one of the students ______ _______ (know) my secret.
（二）先行词是物的定语从句：
1. The house _______ is in the back of our classroom is the teacher’s office.
2. The house________ door faces north is our teachers’ office.
3. The house ________ you saw is a library.
4. The house_____ ____ door there is “ Be Quiet” is our teachers’ office.
5. These are all the things______ I can get for you.
6. The only thing _______ I can do is to wait.
7. I can still remember the first toy ________my mother bought for me.
8. There is nothing ______can keep me back..
9. They are the very things______ make us interested.
10. We should care more about the people and the things ______are around us.
11. These are the situations ________ we often feel nervous.
12. This is the way ___________ I solve problems.
（三）先行词是时间的定语从句：
1. I always remember the days __________we spent together.
2. I always remember the days __________ we played together.
3. I always remember the days ___________ are my family’s birthday.
4. I always remember the days ___________I lived with my grandparents.
5.I will remember the date ___________I joined the Party.
6.It is Oct, 1 1949 _________ new china was founded.
7.It is on Oct, 1 1949__________new china was founded.
（四）先行词是地点的定语从句：
1. Xiamen ,_______ lies in the south east of China is a beautiful city.
2. Xiamen________ we live in is a beautiful city.
3. Xiamen __________many foreigners come to visit is a beautiful city.
比较：Xiamen _____ _______ many foreigners come to pay a visit is a beautiful city.
It is Xiamen _______ people have special mid-autumn game.
It is in Xiamen _______people have special mid-autumn game.
（五）先行词是原因的定语从句：
1. I quite agree with the reason ________ you told me.
2. I don’t believe the reason ________ you were late this morning.
3. The reason ______ I didn’t know the answer is _____I didn’t review my lesson.
The reason ______ I got up late is that I stayed up too late, doing my homework.
This is the reason _________ caused me late for school today.
（六）修饰整个句子的定语从句：
1. He is always talking in class, ______often makes the teacher angry.
2. That question was too hard to answer,______ cost me much time.
3. There are many books in the bag, _______makes it heavy to carry.
4. You gave me much help, ________is very kind of you.
（七）其他形式的定语从句：
1. I like such students ____you talked about.
2. Such things_____ they did are not welcome.
3. ____ we can guess from the way he speaks, he is from America.
4. Taiwan, ____ we all know, is one part of China.
5. Some people like it while some dislike it, _______ is always the case.
6. ____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
7. He passed the exam,______ we had expected.
8. _____ was said above, many people have realized the importance of learning English.
9. I like the same pen _____ you have.
参考答案：
（一）who / whom / who / to whom / with whom / with whom; who / whose /
with whose / in whose / of whom / who know / who knows
（二）which / whose / which / on whose / that / that / that / that / that / that / where / in which (that / 省略)
（三）which / when / which / when / when / when / that
（四）which / which / which / to which / where / that
（五）which / why / why; that / why / which
（六）which (全部)
（七）as (全部)